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The social security system in spain is similar to the UK. You pay your contributions every month, and that entitles you to a pension, unemployment benefit, sick pay, maternity pay and the right to receive free healthcare. The amount of pension or benefit you receive depends on the level of contributions you have made in the past.
When you contract to any position in spain your employer is required to register you in the social security system and to deduct any contributions payable by you from your wages (check your wage slip to make sure that this has been done!). You will need to obtain your NIE number first. But beware! Many small businesses pay some or all their staff cash in hand so they will not be eligible for social security benefits, including health care. Other employers may register you, but claim you are working less hours than you actually are, thus saving themselves some money in contributions. In this situation you will still be eligible for health care, but if you become unemployed or have to take sick leave, your benefits will be much lower than you should actually be entitled to.
Obviously you may not have much of a choice as to who you work for, but we would strongly recommend that you do not work cash-in-hand.
If you are self-employed (autonomo) then this information is provided under our 'Registering a Small Business' section - Alternatively if you are already regsitered in the UK system you can work in spain for up to 2 years, and you will still be entitled to spanish healthcare. See the UK's Department for Work and Pensions website for details.
If you have been employed in spain for 6 months and you lose your job, you will generally be entitled to spanish unemployment benefit. If you are employed or self-employed, you will also be entitled to sick pay, maternity pay and, when you retire, a pension. All benefits are paid at variable rates depending on the level of your contributions. If you have been paying minimum social security contributions the amount you will receive in benefits is currently around 750 EUR per month.
November 2011, the system here sucks! However, don't dispair! You must speak to the employment office asap! There is help available, but you have to ask for it... Highlight to them that you have children AND above all, speak to HMRC in the UK - You CAN have your contributions in the UK included in any calculations in Spain !
Thanks for the detailed answers Ed, it's always good to heave an account from somebody who has first hand experience of the system.
Hayley : You might also like to take a look at our guide on claiming Unemployment benefits in Spain by clicking HERE.
If you will have a legal job here in Spain and be making all the correct contribution then there is no real need for you to transfer your taxes until you are about to start claiming your pension. You and your family will automatically be eligible to free state healthcare as soon as you start making your contributions.
However, there are very few benefit payments exportable from the UK to Spain, and nothing that you will be entitled to claim from the Spanish government either.
Gary :
1) You need to complete the "Application for Survivor's Benefits" form and submit the necessary documentation with it (Downloadable online)
2) You should submit the completed fom to any INSS office here in Spain (By post is fine - probably best to post it to the office closest to where you wife worked here in Spain)
3) You can apply for this benefit anytime after a Spouses death, but payments can only be backdated by a maximum of 3 months.
..... Let me know if you need anything else.
S.Thornton : Frsutrating I know, but there is little else that you can do here other than to chalk it down to experience.
Maggie : Unless you or your husband were already claiming some kimnd of benefit before you left the UK you will be unable to make any new claim from Spain ( Excluding your state pension). Have either of you contributed into the Spanish state system at all ?
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