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Being eligible for Spanish citizenship depends largely on the nationality of your parents, your current nationality and the length of time that you have being living in Spain. If one of your parents is Spanish, you were born there aswell as one of your parents being born there, or you were born in Spain of foreign parents who have no nationality, the your application to become a Spanish citizen will automatically be accepted.
In the majority of cases foreigners must have been an official resident in Spain for 10 years – only then can apply for nationality. Notable exceptions are for anybody who is a political refugee or asylum seeker, who can both apply for Spanish citizenship after 5 Years. Anybody whose current nationality is given as being from Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal,or being Jewish of Spanish origin*, and those from certain South American countries can all apply after 2 years.
The qualifying period of residence may be 1 year in the following circumstances:
1.) Those who were born in Spain, whose parents are foreigners of no recognised nationality, but legally resident in Spain.
2.) Those whose spouse has Spanish nationality.
3.) Those who are widowed of a Spanish national (providing not separated at time of death).
4.) Those whose father, mother, grandfather or grandmother were Spanish nationals by birth or residence.
It is also a condition that the application for citizenship must come the after the period of residence in Spain – ie not if you had residential status a number of years ago that had since lapsed. Marriage to a Spanish citizen alone will not be enough to have a work permit granted, but a formal application is very often granted. Children who are adopted by Spanish parents from other countries automatically become Spanish citizens, although an adopted child over 18 or older (at the time of adoption) will be given the choice whether to take Spanish nationality or not.
How to Apply
The formal application must be made to the Minister of Justice, who are able to refuse it on grounds of public order or national interest. The process requires you to produce your birth certificate, marriage certificate (if applicable), and your parents’ birth and marriage certificates - all of which must be officially translated into Spanish.
You will also need to produce a letter of good conduct from the Police (basically to verify that you are not a criminal), a statement from two Spanish citizens supporting your application, and you must also prove that you are ‘a good citizen’ and fully integrated into Spanish community. As with most formal processes in Spain we recommend that you engage the services of an experiences lawyer to help you in your application.
The law in Spain does not recognise dual nationality for adults like many other countries do, and therefore a child who has the entitlement to choose between nationalities must make this choice when they reach 18. A foreigner applying to be a Spanish citizen must also renounce his current nationality (with the exception of Portugal and South American countries), swear allegiance to the King of Spain, and swear to abide by the Spanish constitution and laws. Some countries, such as the UK, don’t recognise a renunciation of nationality, regardless of whether its citizens have chosen to take another nationality or not.
* Following changes to the law of 22.11.2012, click >> HERE << to read how changes to the law affect Sephardic Jews.
@ Jerome : The first step is finding a copy of your Grandfather's Birth Certificate to support your application.
@ Mike : Difficult to give an exact timescale as each application is considered on its induvidual merits, depending on a number of different things such as the quality of your supporting documents, and the current backlog in the office where you make your application.
I recommend contact Vicente Albert (www.vtalbert.com), a sworn translator working in Valencia.
Failing that, try searching the list of sworn translators that appears on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website (www.meac.es). You'll find the list in the "Ciudadania" section of the right-hand menu.
Zamrana : The answers to both of those questions are addressed in our "Motoring" section, which you can see by clicking on the link >> HERE <<.
Mack : The short and easy answer is to get a professional Immigration lawyer involved as soon as possible. Your is a complicated case and you could waste further time, money and resources trying to tackle this any further yourself.
Imran : This isn't really the page to be discussing language on, but you might like to look on Amazon for their learning Castilian DVD's or CD's. Regardless of how much time you spend studying you are also very unlikely to get anywhere close to fluency with a bare minimum of 12 months practical study here in Spain.
Min : I know it is an Olympic year, but wasn't aware that there was a medal for the most number of Citizenships held ?
- I am guessing that you acquired Costa Rican Citizenship as opposed to being a Costa Rica National ? This being the case you would have to give up one of these Citizenships before applying for Spanish.
My one year of Residence in Spain is coming up in April 27, based on my marriage to a Spaniard.
1: I have established a good character in the society with out any criminal recored.
2: I have been paying my Social security for a year now.
3: I am an self employed and did not make any money. But I did not file a tax for this year. But I made sure to pay my SS every month.
My question to you will be Since, I did not file a tax for 2011 will it be a problem for my citizenship? I did not get any income for 2011.
Also,Could you kindly recommend a good lawyer in Valencia city for my Citizenship, based on my marriage. Thanks for your great help.
My EX-wife Portugeesa (divorced after 05 years). Now my residency family comunatario Card (05 years) has expired now. Now after divorce I m applying for new card.
My question is: -
1. which card i will receive now? (larga duracion or permanente familiar de la union)
2.How long is its validity?
3. Is this card valid for to do work in whole of EU ?
Sol : I would surmise that your legal residential status began on 27-01-2011, and therefore you can submit your application for Citizenship on 27-04-2012.
According to the UK Border Agency website, as the Spouse of an EU Citizen you are not required to apply for aen entry visa when you supply the appropriate supporting documents.
Ahmad : As the Husband of a Spanish Citizen you can apply for a Spanish Passport / Citizenship after being legally Resident in Spain for 1 year. Depending on the quality of you supporting documentation the process could take between 6 - 18 months. The first and most difficult part for you to address here is your Residency.
Jemima : It really depends upon how long you were considering leaving the country for.
The only way you can obtain a Spanish passport is to obtain Spanish Citizenship, and to do that you need to have been Resident in Spain for a quaifying period of time - in your case it would be 1 year. However, the question remains : Where are you legally resident at the moment ?
If it is the UK, then you will need to make your application once you have moved back to Spain and been resident for a period of 1 year.
IF you are in the Uk but still legally resident here in Spain then (Providing you use a Spanish postal address and can make yourself available for interviews) then you should be ok.
The application process can take anywhere between 6 to 18 months depending on the quality of your supporting documentation, but in most cases of Citizenship through marriage to a national it is often much less.
1) Some time ago Spanish Central government requested that Non-EU nationals renewed their Padron every 2 years, and EU-Nationals every 5 Years. In practice this is something of a joke because the INE never communicated this request officially to the Ayuntamientos, and as such they deny all knowledge of a renewal being necessarry when asked. In any case, Central Gov state that it is the responsibility of the Ayuntamiento to write to their residents to request a renewal, so I wouldn't worry too much about this.
2) The only recent change to residency is as described Here .
1) Portgual has a totally different set of criteria, being totally different country
2) You say you are 'Asian', but not your Nationality - it may affect the time and proceedure.
3) You must first hold Residency as a Non-EU citizen for the appropriate period of time BEFORE you can apply to be a citizen of Spain.
Please click here if you wish to Apply for Residential Status as an EU Citizen.
1.) Because as a Non-EU Citizen (Indian) you are required to first be legally resident in Spain for 10 Years.
2.) As far as being a Dominican Citizen goes, the 5 year period starts when you have gained citizenship - not before.
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